Geomorphology

Littoral cones are small, conical, rootless hydrovolcanic landforms. We call them rootless together with hornitos because they don’t have vents connecting them to magma chambers

Rootless cones, pseudocraters, or secondary vents describe craters, vents, or volcanic landforms without a conduit connecting them to magma chambers beneath the surface. These volcanic

Hornitos are small, rootless, conical, or nearly vertical pipe-like volcanic landforms or structures that occur on the surface lava flow fields. These structures form when

Hydrovolcanic landforms form from the explosive steam eruption created by the interaction between hot rising magma and water. These landforms are maars, tuff rings, and

Maars are shallow, nearly rounded to oval bowl-shaped volcanic craters surrounded by low rims of fragmental debris or pyroclasts. These landforms are hydrovolcanic and usually

Tuff rings are small, low-profile, circular volcanic cones with broad, shallow craters and gentle slopes. These volcanic landforms form from steam explosions that result from

Tuff cones or ash cones are small, nearly circular, low-profile, steep-sided volcanic landforms with a cone-like shape and a broad, bowl-shaped crater at their summits.

Lava domes are steep-sided mounds of volcanic rocks formed by extrusion and piling of thick lava around the vent. The high viscosity (resistance to flow)

Lava domes are rounded, often steep-sided mounds or spines formed from thick or viscous lava extrusion from volcanic vents. This lava cools around the vent